Heater for motor fluids.



0; A. KREuTzBERGf HEATER Foa MoToR FLums. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 7, 1914. RENEwEn JUNE 2s, 1915.

'Patented Feb.8,1916.

THB CoLUMBxA PLAQIOURAPH co., WASHINGTON, D. c.

OTTO A. KREUTZBERG, OF LAKE BLUFF, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO KREUTZBERG IJIETEB,

`COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINO is, A CORPORATION ou' ILLINoIs,

HEATER FOR MOTOR FLUIDS.

Specification of Letters Patent. y

Patented Een'. s, 191e.

Application led March 7, 1914, Serial No. 823,102. Renewed June 23, 191.5. Serial No. 35,939.

Lake Bluff, in the county of Lake and State scription only of the genera of Illinois, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Heaters `for of which the following isa specification.

My invention relates to improvements inI heaters for motor fluids, and more particularly to the type of heaters illustrated and described inl U. S. Letters Patent No. 1,020,067, granted to M. C. White and O. C. Duryea, March 12, 1912, though it is not my intention t0 limit -my invention to use in connection with this type of heaters. Y

Considerable difficulty has been experienced in the operation of heaters as hith-V erto provided due to the fact that the burners therein, which are subjected to the motor fluid-in its passage from the source-of supply to the point of use, did not produce perfect combustion of the oil which caused large quantities of free carbon to be released, and precluded they successful operation of the device. n j,

My primary objects are to provide a construction of heater which shall operate to produce perfect combustion of the oil, causing it to burn with a blue iiame and thereby preventing the formation of free carbon; and to provide against the fiashingfback of the ame and burning as a'yellow flame, when the flow of motor-fluid through the heater is arrested.. Y

Referring tothe accompanyingdrawings, Figure 1 is a view in vertical sectional elevation of a heater constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is an enlarged view in vertical sectional elevation of theY burner of my improved heater; yand Fig. 3, a plan view of the burner of Fig. 2.A Q

As the heater in connection with which I have chosen to illustrate my invention is of the same general illustrated and described in the U. S; Letters Patent above referred to, ageneralv del construction of the heater illustrated, will suffice. ,Y l

The heater is formed with a central inverted U-shaped conduit 4 for thepassage of tie motor-duid, as, for example, compressed 'air therethrough, this conduit extending at opposite sides of and'across the 'upper open endfjof `a combustion chamber.V

Motor Fluids,

duit 4,

drop ofthe j pressure scription of Vinto which the casing .ing

construction as thatV 5, into which my improved burner construction hereinafter described, extends, the con- .duit 4 beingl surrounded by an annular valve 9 is backed by afcoiled spring 14 which abuts against a plug 15 in the casing of the heater,VY this spring being of such tension that it will yield, to permitthe valve 9 to Open, pressure` of the motor-fluid in the lconas lcompared with the pressure in the lchamber 12, as, for example, where the motor-fluid is supplied from the pipe 13 at one-hundred vpounds pressure, a inthe conduit 4 to ninety-.nine and one-half pounds will cause the valve9 to open. The oil, whichmay be gasolene, kerosene, or any other suitable fuel oil is contained in a chamber 16, andis suppliedto the burner of the heater in a manner hereinafter described. Y f

The form in which I prefer to provide my under la relatively low dropV ofv improved burner is that illustrated, a de- Y which is as follows: The bottom andtopwalls ofv the .chamber 16 are provided with openings 17 and 18, respectively, 19 of the burnerat its enlarged 'threaded and tapered portions 20 and 21, respectively, closely iits, the upper end ofthe casing extending upwardly into the lower end-of the combustion chamber 5, f

a gasket 19a being confined between the cas-l vide an air-.tight joint. 'Ihe casing 19 con` tains a tube 22 extending longitudinally of this casing `and spaced therefrom at those portions of the casing which extend between the undersurface of the-upper wall of the chamber 16 vand the bottom .walll thereof, and above the upper surface of the upper wall of the chamber 16, thus providing non-com* fmunicating upper and lower annular chamvbers 23 and 24, respectively, between the cas' ing 19Y and the ltube 22.

`The casing 19, ad-

19 and the wall of the chamber 5 to pro` jacent `tor-the bottomrofY the chamber-16, con' f tains an openng25 equipped with a screen 26 affording communication betweeny the chamber 16 and the chamber 24, a vent 27 being provided in the casing 19 adjacent to the top wall of the chamber 16. The annular chamber 24 communicates with the interior of the tube 22 through openings 28, whereby the oil in the chamber 16 is caused to enter the tube 22. r1`he portion of the c asing 19 .located in the chamber 12 contains screened openings 29, affording communicaftion between the chamber i12 and the chamber 23. vThe upper vend lof the casing 19 is provided with a plug 30 containing in its under side a downwardly flaring recess 31 of general conical shape which commun-ivcates kwith an opening 32 in this plug, the upper end 33 of the tube V22 being of conical form, as illustrated, to conform generally to the contour of the recess 31 and containing an laperture 34 in line with the opening l32 and Acommunicating' with the interior of the tube 22. The :inner surface of the upper end wall of the tube 22 is of conical form and coperating with this surface is the upper conical end 35 of a valve-rod 36 which `extends `longitudinally of the tube 22, spaced therefrom as illustrated, the lower end of this rod having screw connection, las indicated at 37, with a plug 38 screwed into the plug 20, `this rod being equipped with a handle portion 39, whereby it may .be rotated for moving it longitudinal-ly in the tube 22, thereby .adjusting the coni-ical end 35 of this rod toward and away from Ythe inner conical surface of the tube 22 for controlling the amount :of `voil discharged through the opening 34 as .hereinafter described.

The oil is forced from the chamber 16 into the tube 22 and out through the yopening 34 by means of the difference in -air-pressure in the conduit 4 and the chambers 12 and lo this being accomplished in the same manner as disclosed in said U. S. Letters Patent,

' namely, by providing communication, as by means of a tubular device (not shown) opening at one end into the chamber 12 and at its opposite end into the chamber 16, it being readily understood that as the pressure in the conduit 4 does not, .during the passage of motor-Huid therethrough, quite equal the pressure in the chamber 12, oil in the chamber 16 will be forced by the pressure of the motor-Huid therein up into the passage 34 in the tube 22.

The air for mixture with the oil supplied to the tube 22, as stated, enters the chamber 23 from the chamber 12 and flows out through the upper apertured end of the latter mixing with the oil from the opening 34.

Extending above the nozzle thus provided by the plug 30 and tube 22, is a burner head 40 which preferably is of metal and which, 1n the construction shown, is provided at its lower end with a ring-flange 41 .at which it is screwed upon the upper end of the casing 19. The burner-head 40, which is provided for the purpose of receiving the air and oil as it issues from the nozzle, is provided with a longitudinally-extending passage 41 with which upwardly-inclined branch-passages 42, opening through the outer surface of the head 40, communicate at their lower ends, these branch-passages -being preferably arranged in vertical series, as illustrated, and the passage 41 being preferably slightly tapered upwardly from a point adjacent to that at which the lowermost series of branchpassages 42 open thereinto, it being preferred that the passage 41 vat points coincident with the various branch-passagcs 42 be of cross-sectional areas approximately directly proportionate 'to the combined areas of the branch-passages at said points of coincidence and `all of those branch-passages beyond such points for causing streams of gas to issue from these branch-passages at substantial-ly uniform velocity, thus producing jets of flame lat each of said branch-passages of substantially the same length.

1t is necessary in an apparatus of the character to which this invention relates that not only should the formation of free carbon be prevented, vbut provision should be made for preventing the flashing 'back of the flame into the burner, which would cause the vfuel to burn with Aa yellow flame, when the flow of motor fluid through the apparatus and the consequent flow of air to the nozzle of the burner for combustion purposes, is arrested. Accordingly, it is necessary that not only should the oil and air be thoroughly mixed, but the mixture thus produced should ybe gasified before ignition. In this connection, the construction of the burner-head 40 is of great importance. Theoretically, the combined cross-sectional areas of the branch-passages 42, Where the velocity of the mixed oil and air supplied to the passage 41 is produced by relatively low pressure, which is usually the case in apparatus of this character, should not be greater than the cross-sectional area of the passage 41 below the lowermost branch-passages 42. 1t is well known, however, that gas in passing under pressure through an aperture flows therethrough in a stream of less cross-sec tional area than the cross-sectional area of the interior of the passage. Thus in practice, where the pressure of A and air is relatively low, the branch-passages 42 should be provided of such number and of such diameter, or diameters, that the combined cross-sectional areas of" the streams of gas, at their smallest sections, passing through lthe branch passages 42, shall not be greater than the cross-sectional area of the stream of gas in the main feed-passage say about one-half pound,v

the mixed oil 40, oil become-chan ledv in a of the air and oil, but alsofor tion of a fixed gas which burns atl all times flashing-back of tlie-flame into lthe passagei 41, during the normal operation ofthe heater, is prevented, as the velocity ofthe the passages 42 will ex' flow of gaSthrough ceed the velocit-y of combustion against this flow, and the flashing back of the flame into the passage 41, when the velocity is reduced to practically zero, is prevented by reason of the relative length of each passage 42 to its diameter, lwhich causes the flame to smother at the "outer ends'of these branchpassages.

In starting the burner, when cold, the oil vaporized by the air in passing from the nozzle through the branch-passages 42 condenses on, and flows down, the outer side of the burner-head 40 collecting on the wick 43 of absorbent material, as, for example, asbestos, encircling the lower portion of the head 40. The oil thus collected is then ignited in any suitablel manner, as, for example, by an electric sparking means, not shown, which would be located closelyl adjacentrto the wick 43, as shown in the said U. S. patent. The wick 43 heats the head 40, Vand as soon as the temperature of the latter has risen to a certain point, the mixed air and vaporized at the outeren s of the passages 42 and burning with an intensely hot blue flame which serves to` heat to a high degree the compressed motor-fluid passing through Vthev conduit 4.

The provision 4of the passages 42 as 'up-Q wardly-inclined passages is of'importance as thefjets permitting air to flow from the upper end'rof the vchamber 5 downwardly along its inner wall to aid in support-ing combustion'. I

It will thus be understood from the fore-y going description that my improved burnerY provides, not only for the thorough mixing the producfuel tothe burner,

during the supply of the l K and when the .flow

with a cleanblue flame, of gas fromthe the burner ,andy burning therein, which would produce a yellow flame and conse-` 'V the art will permit.- f

burning of the oil on vthe fixed gas igniting,

, against the flow `of l the air y in said of Aflame which issue therefrom" h v 'burner-headprovided with a-main feedfpasdo not reach .the inner surface of the com-,y 'bustion chamber 5, thus heateris arrested, the yfla-me at the burner, instead of flashing backfinto `sages.

extinguished at' the vouter ends of thepassages 42. r Y

While I'have illustrated and described a .particular embodiment of my invention, I

ing from thek spirit 'of my invention, it being A my broadly'and completely as the prior-.state of intention to claim my invention as lVhat Iclaim as new desire to secure ff by Letters Patent is:

1. In a heater for the the combination of a source of compressed purpose set forth, so 1 air, azconduitfor conveying the compressed air tothe point of use, a burner exposed to f the air in said conduit and formed of agasifying head, .a supply of fuel-oil, and means for supplying a mixture of air-under a pressure exceeding that of the air in said conduit when' air is Vflowing'therefrom'to the point ofuse, and oilfrom said oil supply, into said burner-head. 1

2. In a'heater for the purpose set forth, the combination of a -source air,"a conduit for Aconveying the compressed airto the point of use, a burner exposed to the air in said conduitl and formed of al burner-head provideclwith a main passage and branch passagesY opening into said main passage, and-meansfor supplying a mixture ofair under a .pressureex'ceeding that of the air in said conduit whenk air is lfrom to the`l pointk of use, aiidioil, to said main passage,the length of said branch vpassages relative to theirv diameters being such jas to `cause the jets of flame issuingtheref from to be sinotheredtherein when the ve,

locity Yof the gas through said burner pas-Y sages is less than the velocity of combustion passages.` Y

3. In a heater for the purpose set forth,- the combination of asour'ce of compressed air, a conduit for: conveying the compressed l air to the pointof use, a burnerexposed. to conduit and. formed of a sage and branch passagesopening into said main 1passage, and meansfor supplying a mixture ofair under a pressure exceedingA a lthat of the air/in said conduit Awhenair is flowing'therefrom` to the point of use, and

oil, to said main passage, said main and branch passages being so proportioned` that the'combined cross-sectionalV areasV of the of compressed f flowing there- Y .7

gas through said branch streams of fuel passing through said branch'k i y at their l smallest cross-sections,

passages, A

than the' cross-sectional shall-not be greater area of'thestream of fuel in said main pas- Y sage adjacent toV the-lowermost branch pas- 4. In Iafheater for the* purpose set forth, the combination of a source of compressed air, a conduit for conveying the compressed air to th^e point of use, a burner exposed to the air in said conduit and formed of a burner-head provided with a main passage and branch passages opening into'said main passage, and means for supplying a mixture of air under a pressure exceeding that of the air in said conduit when air is flowing therefrom to the point of use, and oil, to said main passage, said main and branch passages being so proportioned that the combined crosssectional areas of the streams of fuel, passing through said branch passages, at their smallest cross-sections, shall not be greater than the cross-sectional area of the stream of fuel in said main passage adjacent to the lowermost branch passages, the length of said branch passages relative to their diameters being such as to cause the jets of flame issuing therefrom to be smothered therein when the velocity ofthe gas through said branch passagesr is less than the velocity of combustion .against the flow of gas through said branch passages.

5. In a heater for the purpose set forth, the combination of a source of compressed air, a conduit for conveying the compressed air to the point of use, a burner exposed to- Vthe air in said conduit and formed of a burner-head provided with a main passage and branch passages opening into said main passage, andupwardly-inclined branch passages opening into said main passage, and means for supplying a mixture of air under a pressure exceeding that of the air in said conduit when airis flowing therefrom to the point of use, and oil, to said main passage, said main and branch passages being so proportioned that the combined crosssectional areas of the streams of fuel, passing through said branch-passages, at their smallest cross-sections, shall not begreater than the cross-sectional area of the lowermost branch passages. Y

' 6. In a heater for the purpose set forth, the combination of a source of compressed air, a conduit for conveying the compressed air to the point of use, a burner exposed to the air in said conduit and formed of a burner-headprovided with a main feed-passage and branch passages opening into said main passage, and upwardly-inclined branch passages opening into said. main passage, and means for supplying' amixture of air under a pressure exceeding that of the air in said conduit when air is flowing therefrom to the point of use, and oil, to said main passage, the length of said branch passages relative to their diameters being such as to cause the jets of flame issuing therefrom to be smothered therein when the velocity of the gas throughl said branch passages is less than the velocity of combustion against the flow of gas through saidfbranch passages.

7. In a heater for the purpose set forth, the combination of a source of compressed air, a conduit for conveying the compressed air to the point of use, a burner. exposed to the air in said conduit and formed of a burner-head provided with a main feedpassage and branch passages opening into said main passage, and upwardly-inclined branch passagesopening into said main passage, and means for supplying a mixture of air, under a pressure exceeding that of the air in said conduit when air is flowing therefrom to the point of use, and oil, to said main passage, said main and branch .passages being so` proportioned that the combined cross-sectional areas .of the stream of fuel, passing through said branch-passages, at their smallest cross sections, shall not be greater than the cross-sectional area of the stream of fuel' in said main passage adjacent to the lo'wermost branch passages, the length of said branch passages relative to their diameter being such as to cause the jets of flame issuing therefrom to be smotheredtherein when the velocity of the gas through said branch passages is less than the velocity of combustion against the flow of gas through said branch passages.

8. ln a heater for the purpose set forth, the combination of a source of compressed air, a conduit for conveying the compressed air to the point of use, a burner exposed to the air in said conduit and formed of a burner-head provided with a main feedpassag'e and branch passages-opening into said main passage, and meansr for supplying a mixture of air under a pressure exceeding that of the air in said conduit when air is flowing therefrom to the point of use, and oil, toA said main passage, said main passage at pointsv coincident with said branch passages being of such cross-sectional areas approximately directly proportionate to the combined areas of said branch passages at said points of coincidence and all of those branch passages beyond such points.

9. In a heater for the purpose set forth, the combina-tion of a source of compressed air, a conduitfor conveying the compressed air to the point of use, a burner exposed to the air in `said conduit and formed of a. gasifying burner-head containing a main passage and branch passages opening into the latter, a supply of fuel-oil, and means for supplying a mixture of air underl a pressure exceeding that ofthe air in said conduit when air is flowing therefrom to the point of use, and oil from said oil supply, into said burner-head. y

l0. In a heater for the purpose set forth, the combination of a source of vcompressed air,a conduit forkconveying the compressed yair to the point of use, a burner exposed to the'air in said conduit and formed of a gasifying burner-head containing a main passage, and upwardly-inclined branch passages opening into said main passage, and means for supplying a mixture of air under a pressure exceeding that of the air in said conduit when air is flowing therefrom to the point of use, and oil, to said main passage.

l1. In a heater for the purpose set forth, the combination of a source of compressed air, a conduit for the compressed air communicating With said supply, a differential Valve controlling the flow of fluid into said conduit, a pipe connectedV with said conduit Afor conveying the compressed air to the point of use, a burner exposed to the air in Copies said conduit and formed of a gasifying l5 flowing therefrom to the point of use, and

oil from said oil supply, into said burnerhead.

OTTO A. KREUTZBERG,

In presence of- E. D. SUCH, N. B. DEARBORN.

of this patent may Ee obtained Vfor ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,`

Washington, D. C. 

